Practice Conditionals Grammar Explanation

Conditionals are sentences that describe the relationship between a condition and its result. There are four main types of conditionals in English, each expressing different degrees of possibility, from facts and likely outcomes to impossible situations. Mastering conditionals allows you to discuss hypothetical situations, give advice, express regret, and talk about cause and effect relationships.

Each conditional type has a specific structure that combines different tenses in the if-clause and main clause. The choice of conditional depends on whether the situation is real, possible, unlikely, or impossible. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for expressing yourself accurately in complex situations.

Types of Conditionals

When to Use Each Type

• Zero ConditionalGeneral truths and scientific facts: If water reaches 100C, it boils. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
• First ConditionalReal and probable future: If you study hard, you will pass. If she calls, I will answer.
• Second ConditionalUnlikely or imaginary present/future: If I were rich, I would buy a yacht. If I had more time, I would learn Japanese.
• Third ConditionalImpossible past, expressing regret: If I had known, I would have helped. If she had left earlier, she would have caught the train.

Important Note

In second conditional, use were (not was) for all subjects in formal English: If I were you, I would accept. If she were here, she would agree.